How Common Is Breast Cancer Among Young Nigerian Women?
Breast cancer is one of the most talked-about cancers worldwide — and for good reason. It’s the most common cancer affecting women everywhere. In Nigeria, it’s a growing public health concern. While many people believe it only affects older women, recent data and hospital reports show that young Nigerian women are increasingly being diagnosed with breast cancer, often at later stages.
Let’s look at what’s really happening, why this trend matters, and what young women can do about it.
Breast cancer in Nigeria: the big picture
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022), breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Nigerian women, accounting for about 22–25% of all new cancer cases in the country. Each year, over 28,000 Nigerian women are diagnosed, and sadly, many are diagnosed when the cancer is already advanced.
Unlike in some Western countries where most diagnoses occur in women over 50, Nigeria’s pattern is different. Studies from hospitals in Lagos, Ibadan, Abuja, and Enugu show that a significant number of Nigerian patients are between 25 and 45 years old — women in their most active, productive years.
Why is breast cancer affecting younger women?
There’s no single answer, but several factors may explain why more young women are being diagnosed:
- Genetics and biology: Some breast cancers are linked to inherited mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, which increase risk even at a young age.
- Lifestyle changes: Urbanization has brought diets higher in fats, less physical activity, and rising obesity rates — all of which increase risk.
- Reproductive patterns: Delaying childbirth, having fewer children, or shorter breastfeeding durations can raise lifetime exposure to estrogen.
- Environmental and stress factors: Researchers are studying how pollution and chronic stress might influence cancer risk.
Why are so many cases found late?
In Nigeria, up to 70% of breast cancer cases are detected at late stages (stage III or IV). This delay isn’t just about fear — it’s often about access, awareness, and affordability.
- Lack of awareness and regular self-checks.
- Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding cancer.
- Limited access to screening services.
- Cost and distance to diagnostic centers.
Late diagnosis means treatment is harder, more expensive, and survival chances are lower.
What do the numbers say about survival?
In countries with strong screening systems, early-stage breast cancer has a five-year survival rate above 90%. In Nigeria, survival can be as low as 30–40%, mostly because of late presentation. But that can change — awareness, early detection, and supportive health policies make a huge difference.
Young women who find breast changes early and seek help can and do survive. Nigerian oncologists report more success stories each year when women come in time.
What young women can do
Even though breast cancer is more common than many think, knowledge and action can save lives. Here’s what every young woman should do:
- Know your normal: Check your breasts monthly, especially after your period.
- Report changes: Any lump, nipple change, or dimpling should be seen by a health worker.
- Adopt healthy habits: Eat well, stay active, and avoid smoking or excessive alcohol.
- Talk about it: Break the silence — share knowledge with friends and family.
- Seek screening advice: If you have a family history, consult your doctor early.
A hopeful outlook
The rise in awareness and breast cancer campaigns across Nigeria is changing the story. More young women are learning that breast cancer is not an old woman’s disease — and that early detection gives hope.
With continued education, accessible screening, and stronger health systems, the future can look much brighter for Nigerian women — young and old alike.
References
1. World Health Organization. (2023). Breast Cancer: Prevention and Control.
2. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2022). Global Cancer Observatory – Nigeria Fact Sheet.
3. Jedy-Agba E. et al. (2020). Cancer Incidence in Nigeria: A Report from Population-Based Cancer Registries. Cancer Epidemiology, 67, 101–107.
4. Adebamowo C.A. et al. (2018). Breast Cancer in Nigeria: Current Management and Outcomes. Annals of African Medicine.
5. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2021). National Cancer Control Plan 2018–2022.
